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As a power user, I frequently use the Run Dialog. I can understand why the following commands work, as they are in the PATH environment variable.

• mspaint
• diskmgmt.msc
• explorer

These commands also work in CMD.

The commands below work in the Run Dialog, but they are not in the PATH environment variable, and they do not work in CMD.

• firefox
• winword
• iexplore

How does Run know where these files are?

When you execute a command from the Run Dialog, the system looks at the App Paths registry keys here:

HKEY_CURRENT_USERSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionApp Paths

and

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionApp Paths

Example

HKEY_CURRENT_USERSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionApp Pathsfilezilla.exe

(Default) value data has the full path to the executable. If it is not found, it looks at each folder included in the PATH, whereas CMD (the Command Prompt) does not reference these registry keys, it only searches the PATH.