Sự khác biệt giữa 1080p và 1080i là gì?

I have seen many times resolution of 1080p and I know that mean 1080 pixels but sometime I also seen option on the HDTV is 1080i. So I want to know the exact difference between them and is 1080i video quality available for the laptop too?

I some Googled and got there are some time 1080P rather than 1080p is there any difference between them too or they represent the same?

I see a range of problems in the answers and comments here (even in some highly-voted answers that provide otherwise very good information) that span from minor deficiencies that need explanation to some serious inaccuracies, so I think that some clarification is needed.

The question is specifically: What is the difference between 1080p and 1080i? so I will start by outlining the main similarities and differences, I’ll add some tips on how to choose the best format and then I will proceed to explain the problems that I found here.

Some of the information presented below is adapted from my answer to Interlacing on a computer monitor but is rewritten to strictly stick to the subject of the difference between 1080p and 1080i.

Frames vs. fields

1080p is a frame-based or progressive-scan video where you are dealing with frames. You have frame rate and it is expressed in frames per second.

1080i is a field-based or interlaced or interleaved video where you are dealing with fields. You havefield rate and it is expressed in fields per second.

A field contains half of the lines of the frame, either even lines or odd lines, and if one field is composed of even lines, then the next one will be composed of odd lines and so on.

How to think about it

1080p at 25 frames per second: Imagine that you are shooting 25 pictures per second and storing them as bitmaps. Every frame is a full picture from the given instant. Every pixel in that frame was captured at the same time.

1080i at 50 fields per second: Imagine that you are shooting 50 pictures per second but storing onlyhalf of the bitmaps every time – sometimes you store the odd lines and sometimes the even lines. (Note that it is not the same as storing pictures with lower vertical resolution.) Every field is a half of a full picture from the given instant. Every pixel in that field was captured at the same time.

Problems with 1080i

Interlacing causes a lot of problems. For example you can’t easily:

• scale the video
• rotate the video
• make video slow motion
• make video fast motion
• pause the video
• grab a still picture frame
• play video in reverse

without doing some tricks and loosing quality. You don’t get any of those problems with progressive video. In addition the video encoding is harder because the codec never has a full frame to work with.

Best of both worlds

Using progressive 1080p with 50 or 60/1.001 full frames per second in the future has a potential to eventually solve the above problems but it will require a whole new range of studio equipment including cameras, storage and editing systems so it probably won’t happen anytime soon. The widely used SDI standard for connecting HD video equipment doesn’t have enough bandwidth.

Currently the only way to have a fluid motion with progressive scanning is 720p that has a frame rate that is two times faster than 1080p but the resolution of only 1280 × 720 pixels (instead of 1920 × 1080 pixels) which may or may not be a problem for some applications. There is no 720i.

Explaining problems

These are the parts that I found in the answers and comments here that I think need some explanation:

Progressive Scanning is more desirable in almost every case.

I think that progressive scanning is indeed better in every respect, but if we are not talking theoretically about the idea of interlacing but specifically about 1080p and 1080i standards as used today, then one has to take into account the fact that 1080i is often required for TV broadcasting and converting 1080p to 1080i would result in jerky motion.

P is better than I in most cases i believe, which is the important bit.

Again, yes, progressive is better than interlaced all other things being equal, but progressive video with frame rate that is two times smaller than the field rate of interlaced video (which is the case with 1080p and 1080i) is something very different, especially if interlaced video with high field rate is required for TV broadcasting and the high field rate cannot be reproduced from progressively recorded material with lower frame rate.

[In 1080i] all the odd lines are displayed, followed by all the even lines. This means that only 1/2 the resolution (540 lines or pixel rows) is displayed on the screen at any give time – in other words, only 540 pixel rows are displayed at any given time.

No. For LCD all 1080 lines are always displayed, for CRT displays usually much less than half of of the lines are displayed at any given time which is equally true for both 1080i and 1080p.

The phrase “only 540 pixel rows are displayed at any given time” is extremely misleading. All 1080 rows-of-pixels usually are displayed at once (and even if they weren’t, they’d still appear to be to the human eye), but only half of them will be updated in any given frame. It’s effectively the refresh-rate, not the resolution, that’s cut in half.

While it is true that the phrase “only 540 pixel rows are displayed at any given time” is extremely misleading, it is not true that the refresh-rate is cut in half, because in 1080i the refresh rate is two times faster than with 1080p so it is actually the other way around.

1080i60 means that you’re getting 60 half frames (alternating lines) per second, so only 30 complete frames per second.

With 1080i60 you actually get less than 60 fields (or “half frames”) per second, but it doesn’t mean that you get 30 (or almost 30) complete frames per second. In fact you don’t get even a single complete frame per second.

More resources

This is what I consider the best resource on the subject of field-based (aka interlaced or interleaved) and frame-based (aka progressive-scan) video:

• All About Video Fields by Chris Pirazzi
• Programmer’s Guide to Video Systems by Chris Pirazzi

See also the following articles on Wikipedia:

• 1080p
• 1080i
• Frame (video)
• Field (video)
• Progressive scan
• Interlaced video
• Deinterlacing

I hope it somewhat clarifies the subject.